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Found: New Japanese Method for Measuring Hybrid Power

Discussion in 'Gen 4 Prius Main Forum' started by bwilson4web, Nov 29, 2015.

  1. bwilson4web

    bwilson4web BMW i3 and Model 3

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    This appears to be a standard under development:

    Source: https://www2.unece.org/wiki/download/attachments/25887706/EVE-16-06e.pdf?api=v2

    To evaluate and determine:
    Engine power + Battery power = Hybrid system power
    It is necessary to measure the battery output under the HEV system control. The battery output should be measured when the hybrid system as a whole . . . outputs the maximum power.
    To measure the battery output when the engine outputs the maximum power.
    The battery output in HEVs have different output profiles depending on each vehicle system design, such as the upper value of the maximum power, the duration of the maximum power, timing.
    . . .
    To combine the engine output value from the record (i.e., dyno) and the measured battery output. The combined outputs can be compared with the engine output of the ICEVs.
    (pp. 17)​
    [​IMG]
    So to measure this, we need:
    1. ICE rpm
    2. ICE torque (used to calculate output)
    3. Traction battery voltage
    4. Traction battery current (discharge)
    Put the car at the end of the track and floor the accelerator. Plot the sum of the ICE power and traction battery discharge power and take the peak value. But it also looks a lot like "Net HP" which is much easier to measure.

    Bob Wilson
     
    #1 bwilson4web, Nov 29, 2015
    Last edited: Nov 29, 2015
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  2. GasperG

    GasperG Senior Member

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    What is new here? Toyota used this method from the beginning, this is only standardisation of what is already practice.

    I must check, but currently under EU regulations, there is no combined power rating in COC document, there is ICE power and electric motor power. My insurance (on kW) is based on the motor that has more power and not on combined power. With the introduction of HEV power standardisation this could change.
     
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  3. bwilson4web

    bwilson4web BMW i3 and Model 3

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    1. Using battery power draw instead of the MG2 mechanical power. MG2 mechanical power peaks at low speeds and ramps down as it spins faster due to reverse EMF.
    2. Engine power in the car, not a dyno with accessories external to the engine and stripped of things like a muffler. Engine power peaks at high rpm due to the need for gas-flow.
    3. Peak power under the control laws, not the sum of the engine and MG2 mechanical power. The control laws balance the engine and traction battery power to optimize performance. One example of a failure were the early Honda Civics whose control laws killed their traction batteries.
    This is the net power fed to the transmission and tires. That is why the three charts in
    Ad Hoc 0-60 mph | PriusChat are important. For example, my version:
    [​IMG]
    Thanks to Jason's sprint, we have a rough idea of how the power is applied to the tires:
    1. Seconds 0-4, power ramps up to ~85 hp. - This is probably to avoid breaking traction and just spinning the tires.
    2. Seconds 5-20, power stays in the 90 hp range up to 85 mph. - This range means the car is not making a significant draw on the traction battery. If one had a Prius on a NASCAR track, accelerating over 85 mph would draw power from the traction battery.
    3. Seconds 21-24, we are seeing the burst power whose duration depends upon the SOC of the traction battery.
    Now personally, I would prefer to just use net power measured at a twin-roller, dynometer. A series of constant speeds stepped 5 km/h, held until the non-zero fuel consumption rate remains constant (*). Then holding the speed constant, measure peak dyno power at that speed. Continue to the maximum speed the car can achieve. I'm OK with a pair of charts, one for hybrid and one for EV mode.

    The reason for this standard is evident in the reviewers who did not research the Japanese approach versus the sum of engine and motor power. Because the engine and motor have different speed ranges from maximum power and the control laws are trying to avoid the Honda Civic mistake, the auto reviewers don't understand why the net power is important.

    BTW, @Tideland Prius posted an excellent write-up of the issue: Toyota Unveils Advanced Prius Tech | Page 4 | PriusChat . I tried to find the dyno graphs but had no luck.

    Bob Wilson

    * - Definition of constant is tricky as the time interval varies as a function of traction battery capacity.
     
    #3 bwilson4web, Dec 1, 2015
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  4. GasperG

    GasperG Senior Member

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    MG2 power was never part of calculation for NET horsepower, it was always ICE power + battery power.

    GEN3: Prius ICE 74 kW + Battery 26 kW = 100 kW

    But the devil is in the details (ICE power with accessories, restricted real life battery power ...)
     
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  5. bwilson4web

    bwilson4web BMW i3 and Model 3

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    The proposed standard points out this is not a universal practice. Some vendors use mechanical power even though their control laws only allow something less.
    The only problem I have with this standard is it should bridge the gap with the transmission and tires. Net power into the transmission leaves out an important metric: transmission and tire loss.

    On another subject, 0-60 time and HP, the right answer is an accelerometer and total vehicle weight (or mass.) Five, bi-directional runs, 10 total, and toss out the shortest and longest. Average the three middle and the problem is solved.

    Bob Wilson
     
    #5 bwilson4web, Dec 1, 2015
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  6. Lee Jay

    Lee Jay Senior Member

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    That would imply no similar FWD car could ever be faster over that period. My Mazda is 3.5 seconds to 40.

    This is likely the best the power system can do given constrained MG1 RPMs and MG2 currents.

    I seriously doubt that. I suspect the traction battery is at near maximum during a portion of the time, constrained by PE or MG2 current during the lower end of the run.

    I think that's a data or data fit anomaly, and doesn't actually exist.
     
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  7. bwilson4web

    bwilson4web BMW i3 and Model 3

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    Without more detail data, we can speculate about the mechanism but it will have to remain unresolved. Since the 2016 should be at the dealers in January, it should be possible to rent one for a weekend in the Summer. Then we can repeat the tests with metrics.

    Bob Wilson
     
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  8. giora

    giora Senior Member

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    I think the source in the first post is describing 'maximum system power' and not the new method of 'net system power' as Toyota calls it.
    Peak engine power and peak battery power are not usually occurring simultaneously (at the same time), and I think the new method finds the max value of the graph representing total power vs. time in some standard testing method the Japs decided on.
     
  9. Lee Jay

    Lee Jay Senior Member

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    On a car with a boundless CVT, they should. On a car with a limited CVT, they still should over the range that isn't at one of the CVT bounds.
     
  10. giora

    giora Senior Member

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    Well, the battery is not boundless...it is exhausted very quickly.
     
  11. spwolf

    spwolf Senior Member

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    indeed, and thats why they optimize its usage, so it is always able to give similar output... unlike phev's or ev's that can give a lot more power over longer time, and it not as if journos measure anything anyway. Most annoying thing in past years for me was absolutely no information on PHEV sports cars like i8 and others where journalists absolutely do not mention that those cars will not be able to provide peak hp forever, especially when driven fast on the track for instance.... what about providing MPG and power numbers before and after stored energy is depleted? Nope. I feel this is one of the largest deceptions in automotive history and nobody cares or understands.
     
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  12. giora

    giora Senior Member

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    Let's assume the battery peak power is 32 kW, @ 200 V this is 160 A or about 45C for the Li-Ion battery (about 24C for the Ni battery). I don"t think the BMS will allow these rates for more than few seconds.
     
  13. Lee Jay

    Lee Jay Senior Member

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    We're only talking about 10-15 seconds. That battery should manage 45C for that short time without much of a problem. I have batteries at home that will manage 70C for 30 seconds without cooling.
     
  14. GasperG

    GasperG Senior Member

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    As far as I know Prius battery works at max 20C (26 kW), but in reality it newer goes this far but it stays in 20 kW region (15C)
     
  15. giora

    giora Senior Member

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    The question is, IMO, for how long the BMS allows the battery to stay in its peak power.
    If the battery delivers its peak power same time with ICE peak power (5200 rpm) why there is a need for a new method? What is wrong with the current method (ICE peak + Battery peak)?
     
  16. bwilson4web

    bwilson4web BMW i3 and Model 3

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    They don't have to occur at the same time. That is why it has to be measured.

    Bob Wilson
     
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  17. giora

    giora Senior Member

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    Agree.
    I don't know if it is battery assembly limiting or some other component of the CVT limiting (MG1, MG2, inverter etc.) but it seems that in an open throttle acceleration test the ICE power and the battery power curves are not maximized at the same time, so there is a need to find the peak of the combined power curve which is the 'system net power'.
     
  18. spwolf

    spwolf Senior Member

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    i think limiting factor is same as always, battery capacity and the fact that it is not a PHEV... it all comes from that. They have to make it so you wont have significantly slower car if you go at WOT for 15s and/or that engine does not have to recharge batteries more than needed.

    Then again, Toyota could make PHEV model a lot faster in "power" mode by letting it output 70hp for long period of time, but thats simply not how they roll.
     
  19. That_Prius_Car

    That_Prius_Car Austin Kinser

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    So if we applied this testing to Gen.III, I wonder if the numbers would be lower. I remember seeing some Dyno's of the Gen.III reading around 115 HP even though the system is rated for 134 maximum. So I wonder how many kW of power the new Prius can provide and for how long compared to the Gen.III, and maybe the Gen.IV actually has more power despite what it's lower HP number due to the new rating system would lead you to believe.

    I'd like to know the Gen.IV's HP rating on the old engine + battery scheme.
     
  20. bisco

    bisco cookie crumbler

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    i don't think toyota ever mentioned quicker acceleration as a goal, did they?