1. Attachments are working again! Check out this thread for more details and to report any other bugs.

Earthships

Discussion in 'Environmental Discussion' started by 2007blueprius, Jan 3, 2014.

  1. Corwyn

    Corwyn Energy Curmudgeon

    Joined:
    Mar 6, 2011
    2,171
    659
    23
    Location:
    Maine
    Vehicle:
    2007 Prius
    Model:
    II
    Free insulation is awesome, but it still requires infrastructure, and I find it hard to imagine that much is ever viable. Do the numbers for yourself and see.

    You did notice that I mentioned it in my first note?

    Roasting in February is NOT good, (and to be quite frank without knowing how to calculate heat losses, you have no idea how likely it is) because when the sun is not shining all those windows are huge energy losers, so the temperature of the house swings. Thermal mass helps a bit with this, but there are limits to how fast it can accept heat. Shades have there own issues.

    There is no such thing as 'overbuilding' it. There is building it so it works in a balanced way, and there are two directions you can screw it up.

    Heat losses aren't hard to calculate. Q (heat loss) = (1 / R-value) * Area * Temperature Difference (use Heating Degree Days * 24 to find yearly losses) Losses for basements and slabs are complicated but can be approximated by assuming a temperature difference of 20 degrees (68-48). Losses for air leakage are Q (air leaks ) = ACH (air changes per hour) * 0.018 * volume of the house * 24 * days in heating season.

    I have a spreadsheet for doing all these calculations which I can send you (only pay for it if you find it useful).
     
  2. 2007blueprius

    2007blueprius Member

    Joined:
    Dec 26, 2012
    461
    30
    0
    Vehicle:
    2007 Prius
    Model:
    N/A
    I am still trying to get familiar with all these notions, never considered this field till maybe a couple months ago, I came across the 10000 degree year notion in several places still trying to figure out what that is.

    as for the insulation, not sure if I mentioned this but I work in the food industry and in the fall there are these fancy table grapes that come in styrofoam boxes, makes a perfect brick aprox 18x12x6 there are lots of them at every fruit market they all end up at the dump, I can get them by the truck load and I own semi's ( keep that on the down low 5mpg, part of the reason I am such a fanatic in my spare time :LOL: ) somebodyelse allready spent the 45 000 btus you mentioned just to get those grapes here from california, might as well try to make some use of it, having a pole foundation alows me to do all sorts of crazy stuff with the framing so that is why I was not considering the initial cost or enviroemental effects of the insulation since I was planning to recycle anyhow and do the landfills a favor

    much of the materials I plan on reusing, the poles, I have a local utility yard $1/foot used ones, lumber, my lots are wooded I plan on buying a mill, I am funny like that I do lots myself, the rammed earth walls I am hopping to have decent soil on site maybe bring in some to adjust the mix but there are gravel pitts nearby, I am looking for ways to use minimal concrete/cement, even the glass part of the reason I am holding off on the math is because I haven't figured out what glass I'll be using either way same mentality looking into repurposed glass, part of it is the tree hugger in me I burned more than my fare share, part of it is economics, either way it's the only option for this project, I would not consired all that insulation if I had to order it from 1000 miles away.

    as far as the heat loss through the glass, there are supposed to be 2 glass walls, the outside perpendicular to winter solstice and another inside dividing the living space from the greenhouse/buffer zone, the air in between the 2 has an r value too and it's about 8 feet worth I believe

    george
     
  3. Corwyn

    Corwyn Energy Curmudgeon

    Joined:
    Mar 6, 2011
    2,171
    659
    23
    Location:
    Maine
    Vehicle:
    2007 Prius
    Model:
    II
    You are getting into this field in the same way that I did. I wanted to build a home in Maine that did justice to the beauty of the environment here.

    The insulation value of windows is almost entirely in air space. Even a single pane of glass (R-1) is R-0.17 for the outside air clinging to the glass, R-0.68 for the air clinging to the interior, leaving onlyR-0.15 for the glass itself. The point of double-pane glass is that it has an air space in between. But like so many other things more isn't necessarily better. The total insulation value of that air space increases as it gets bigger up to about 1/2"-3/4", then it starts getting smaller again. This is due to the fact that air will set up convection cycles which transport heat from one side to the other. 8 feet of air is basically useless from a strictly insulative standpoint (though it does have other characteristics which help (thermal mass etc.) Modern high tech windows are approaching R-10! Spending some cash / energy on good windows is probably worth it from an environmental standpoint.

    Look carefully at the cement proportion in the rammed earth you are proposing to use. It is easy to end up using MORE cement than if you had just made a concrete wall. Concrete is only about 15% cement, rammed earth around 5%. If you make 3 times as much rammed earth, you are breaking even (with a LOT of extra work).

    I find it unlikely that angling the glass is going to be a win. South windows (properly shaded from outside) are about the best passive solar collectors. Too much angle will increase the heat loss in the winter, and increase the heat gain in summer. I understand that new earthships are mostly using vertical glass, even for their climate. This is another thing that you should model.
     
  4. hyo silver

    hyo silver Awaaaaay

    Joined:
    Mar 2, 2005
    15,232
    1,563
    0
    Location:
    off into the sunset
    Vehicle:
    2004 Prius
    Model:
    N/A
    That makes perfect sense for a space you want to be habitable, but what about the notion of gaining the most energy possible? If there were a separate 'room', insulated from the living spaces, all the efficiency gains could be utilised without worrying that it might get too hot. A 'solar furnace' wouldn't have to be very big, yet could heat most of the house by circulating air as needed. Long term energy storage, such as underground salt tanks, might also be worth looking into.
     
  5. 2007blueprius

    2007blueprius Member

    Joined:
    Dec 26, 2012
    461
    30
    0
    Vehicle:
    2007 Prius
    Model:
    N/A
    I love your input althogh it is contradictory to what I had in mind it's still things to consider.
    I thought concrete was about 30% cement and most purists insist cement is not needed for rammed earth, my interest in it was more for the thermal mass the idea was that on the outside walls and the bottom where the footings would otherwise be mix in some cement and lime, I used to do something similar for tile showers proved to be waterproof, the idea was to have pure rammed earth on the interior, maybe some cement mixed in on the top layer of the floor so I can stick tiles to it, besides I kind of like the look of it, no need for drywall paint trim etc all that adds up financially as we'll as enviromentally I often find cheap stuff is usually environmentally conscious too
    Angling the windows not sure if it does much for solar gain if anything area decreases toward the top in the summer speeds up the hot air rise to the vents, helps hitch the cooling ground hog system if anything, my whole idea here is that I'd rather deal with shades than furnaces, I am trying to avoid stacks of all kinds not planing on any gas in the house the idea is if we'll insulated some modest electric heaters could be a backup
    Today is a very sunny winter day and my house faces the street and I am in the shade so frustrating.
     
  6. Corwyn

    Corwyn Energy Curmudgeon

    Joined:
    Mar 6, 2011
    2,171
    659
    23
    Location:
    Maine
    Vehicle:
    2007 Prius
    Model:
    II
    The important part in all this is to not get too attached to any idea.

    Before you take the word of 'purists' (or me for that matter), find out how many buildings they have in your climate. [I do have a rammed earth house in my climate (midcoast Maine)]


    Can you try explaining this again? I am not sure what you are saying, but it sounds fishy.

    This is the whole idea behind the passivhaus concept. The important part is that it starts with an energy model.
     
  7. Corwyn

    Corwyn Energy Curmudgeon

    Joined:
    Mar 6, 2011
    2,171
    659
    23
    Location:
    Maine
    Vehicle:
    2007 Prius
    Model:
    II
    If you don't plan to live in it, you are talking about a solar thermal collector (air or water). If you are talking about long term storage (> 3-4 days), you are probably talking about water. At which point, the term is no longer 'room' but 'panel. Put it on the roof, put in a tank (short term storage) and a large insulated thermal mass with pipes in it (long term storage). Mine is at this very moment pumping 136°F water into the tank in the basement.

    Alternatively, put up solar PV panels, connect to the grid and use it as a 'storage' facility. If you live in a net-metering state, this can be very economical. PV panel prices are dropping monthly. At the moment, I could produce power cheaper than my electric company can supply it (paying for the loan to install them vs. the normal electric rate).
     
  8. 2007blueprius

    2007blueprius Member

    Joined:
    Dec 26, 2012
    461
    30
    0
    Vehicle:
    2007 Prius
    Model:
    N/A
    I may not be verry good at putting my thoughts into words or drawings for that matter, but look at the side view of my drawing, the whole building is actually made out of 2 structures, some of the Earthship material explain this better, the living space is the north side of the building, the greenhouse/buffer is the southside, in between the middle poles there is supposed to be a glass wall defining the 2 sections, also another glass wall at the moment perpendicular to the winter solstice. the modern earthships you spoke of with vertical galls are actually missing this second glass wall and buffer space.

    the buffer space narrows towards the top, that is what I was refrencing, grented the buffer space will be cold in the winter with all the glass heat losses, and hot in the summer, the idea is for the light to shine through to the livings space mostly uninterupted through the 2 glass walls in the winter and blast the rammed earth walls.

    in the summer at solstice sun angle the light does not reach the living space but barely the bottom of that interior glass wall, angles are shown, the greenhouse will get hot maybe unbearable, air stratifies and starts to move upwards, they call this a convection engine and it escapes out the roof vents, the only benefit I can forsee from having the outside window wall at an angle, as the hot air rises tis area decreases therefore its velocity will increase, inverted funnel type, this design banks on the greenhouse getting hot and provided the rest of the house is sealed it will draw air from the underground tubes showed in the closets, northeren buffer if you will that is the concept behind summer ac.

    hope that explains it
     
  9. 2007blueprius

    2007blueprius Member

    Joined:
    Dec 26, 2012
    461
    30
    0
    Vehicle:
    2007 Prius
    Model:
    N/A
    at the moment this is the direction I am heading, rather than balance, thou several people pointed out balance, my idea was to colect as much heat in the winter as possible I'll deal with the excess, I am however trying not to get too atteched and consider all possibilities, but I'd prefer to have all that glass when I need it most and shade it when I dont than the opposite, I really don't want to resourse to any kind of combustion in this project, solar watter collectors are pretty much implied some pv, maybe a wind mill, which could run some electric heaters, but that all comes later, just looking at structure at the moment
     
  10. Corwyn

    Corwyn Energy Curmudgeon

    Joined:
    Mar 6, 2011
    2,171
    659
    23
    Location:
    Maine
    Vehicle:
    2007 Prius
    Model:
    II
    And my question for you becomes how is this better than a window, with triple pane glazing? The inhospitable area is 1/2" between two layers of glass, not a huge expensive piece of architecture. More sun will come through it in the winter, and less in the summer, and the insulation value will be higher.
     
  11. Corwyn

    Corwyn Energy Curmudgeon

    Joined:
    Mar 6, 2011
    2,171
    659
    23
    Location:
    Maine
    Vehicle:
    2007 Prius
    Model:
    II
    But you aren't considering that all those windows LOSE heat as well as gain it. Shades as insulation have been shown to be pretty much a failure. They need to be air tight, which very few are. If they aren't, they become heat pumps moving warm moist air to the windows where it cools and condenses, losing lots of heat.
     
  12. 2007blueprius

    2007blueprius Member

    Joined:
    Dec 26, 2012
    461
    30
    0
    Vehicle:
    2007 Prius
    Model:
    N/A
    you are right that is a good point the sollar gain may be offset by the window loss, the whole though arround that is to gather the heat in the floor and the back rammed earth walls of the living space, away from the outside windows hopefully is far enough so it doesnt loose it all at night.

    either way I am no where near to putting shovel to ground yet, cleared an acre last year the goal for this summer is to clear the rest grade it , pull all the couny poermits, perk test survey, that is probably most I will get to do before fall, so there is time to debate all these aspects and tweak it, maybe I could fork out some good money to get some of those R10 glass on the wall dividing the buffer from the living space, if anything I am not yet ready to give up all that glass any such concerns that were brought up so far I am looking at ways to adress them without giving up fenestration
     
  13. Corwyn

    Corwyn Energy Curmudgeon

    Joined:
    Mar 6, 2011
    2,171
    659
    23
    Location:
    Maine
    Vehicle:
    2007 Prius
    Model:
    II
    That isn't the way heat works. It moves from hot to cold, you can't hide it away (without insulation). And if it was, you wouldn't like it. A house with cold windows and hot walls would be uncomfortable.
     
  14. 2007blueprius

    2007blueprius Member

    Joined:
    Dec 26, 2012
    461
    30
    0
    Vehicle:
    2007 Prius
    Model:
    N/A
    the inside glass should not get that cold I hope, in this particular design I am only reffering to the house/ living space as the area north of the middle row of poles it's in between those poles the homes south wall of glass would be and that is the one I was considering spending a pretty penny on if it comes to, the green house I expect to have some wild swings as low as outside temperature just before dawn and probably pushing 100 F at high noon, that area is just an oversized solar collector if you will, now those temp swings may prove to be an issue, the south area hardly has any thermal mass or insulation for that matter, now that you brought it up yeah it will swing widely, definately something to consider, how stable will the living space be? that is left to be debated.
    also keep in mind unlike your average person I do not expect comfort over everything else, I'd be perfectly happy in my ranch home with my digital thermostat otherwise, honestly if watter does not freeze on the kitchen table in the winter and it does not boil in the summer I would consider it an acomplishment
     
  15. 2007blueprius

    2007blueprius Member

    Joined:
    Dec 26, 2012
    461
    30
    0
    Vehicle:
    2007 Prius
    Model:
    N/A
    while we agree on much of the possible issues you mentioned, I have a diffrent view on how to go about it, most of it has been brought up to my attention like the heat loss through all that glass, I am not yet willing to sacrifice fenestration, the frame wall that supports it is ment to be 6x2, if need be the common plastic they sell at homedepot for window winterisation or something of the sorts, if I have to install something like that every fall I'm fine with it granted an insulated wall will have a higher R value but when looking to adress window heat loss I'd rather investigate all other solutions but reducing the fenestration, that is a last resort
     
  16. SageBrush

    SageBrush Senior Member

    Joined:
    Jun 4, 2008
    11,627
    2,530
    8
    Location:
    Southwest Colorado
    Vehicle:
    2012 Prius v wagon
    Model:
    Two
    Exactly, exactly, exactly.

    I live in NM, and have known about the earthships for quite a while but have not visited yet. Passivhaus appeals to my technical side more than earthship, but the latter certainly has experimentalism going for it. I also just about burst with pride (and not a little jealousy) when I think of a group of a few young people who actually build with their own hands a sustainable community together. The snide comments about 'hippies' is rubbish. These creative, risk-taking, hard working people are the epitome of the American spirit. Only fools cannot see past the long hair, or guffaw at the desire to not add to the American trash pile.

    Open offer: Anybody traveling through NM who plans to visit the earthships is welcome to spend a night at my home in Albuquerque -- about a 2 hour drive away. Be forewarned though: food is spicy vegetarian, and the cats run the joint.
     
    2007blueprius likes this.
  17. SageBrush

    SageBrush Senior Member

    Joined:
    Jun 4, 2008
    11,627
    2,530
    8
    Location:
    Southwest Colorado
    Vehicle:
    2012 Prius v wagon
    Model:
    Two
    So far as I know, angled glass went out of style here in NM due to poor longevity. The frames just did not hold up under the gravity and elements, leading to air leaks.
     
  18. SageBrush

    SageBrush Senior Member

    Joined:
    Jun 4, 2008
    11,627
    2,530
    8
    Location:
    Southwest Colorado
    Vehicle:
    2012 Prius v wagon
    Model:
    Two
    By the way, my reading a couple of years ago on the earthships was that more than a few suffered from overheating in the summer. Be careful.

    I"ll add my 2 cents:
    Earthships are expressions of individual creativity, and sometimes creative genius. But you have to be comfortable with the possibility that something will turn out bad, and you will take it down and build something better. Hopefully not the whole home, but perhaps a big hunk of it.

    Combining "home" and "experiment" is not a casual undertaking.
     
  19. Corwyn

    Corwyn Energy Curmudgeon

    Joined:
    Mar 6, 2011
    2,171
    659
    23
    Location:
    Maine
    Vehicle:
    2007 Prius
    Model:
    II
    If you get to that point, look up my interior storm windows: Green Fret Consulting - Interior Storm Window Basically the same film mounted to both sides of a frame with weatherstrip. R-2 or thereabouts, reusable for many years, easy to make.
     
    2007blueprius likes this.
  20. SageBrush

    SageBrush Senior Member

    Joined:
    Jun 4, 2008
    11,627
    2,530
    8
    Location:
    Southwest Colorado
    Vehicle:
    2012 Prius v wagon
    Model:
    Two
    One last post today -- I promise.
    I live in the city, in a 1970's built stucco on frame construction home built for builder profit in mind.

    Temperatures have averaged 35F this past week outside, and most days partial sun through the day. I have not turned on the central heating for a week, yet my home is 60F through most of the day, and 65F on the sunny side where I tend to hang out in the winter. All I did was install double-pane clear glass windows to catch the morning and early afternoon sun.

    I cannot imagine a climate more amenable to passive heating and cooling than the high desert of the SW United States. Expect MI to be more of a challenge!

    p.s. I've been using 1 - 2 kWh a day of electricity, although admittedly this is while my wife is away. I mention this to say that if you are OK with some compromise, an 80:20 approach (80% of goal reached, for 20% of cost) is a fairly easy accomplishment.