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Beetles

Discussion in 'Environmental Discussion' started by tochatihu, Jun 7, 2015.

  1. tochatihu

    tochatihu Senior Member

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    The ones with 6 legs and no guitars. Famous for being perhaps the most diverse group of animals. A famous fella's (JBS Haldane) comment on religion was that God must have an inordinate fondness for them.

    But we don't really know how may beetle species there are. The ones with names, impaled on pins and found in museum boxes, are about 400,000. This is 25% of all named species of anything.

    Estimates of the total number of beetle species has been as high as 40 million. The most recent estimate published in PNAS on 1 June (DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1502408112) is just 2 million.

    The cleverness (and thus, likely accuracy) of the new work is that the authors observed that large-sized ones got named first. Those impaling pins also have a tag with dates. graph pirated below:

    beetle body size discovery date.png

    Follow that with some math, and out pops the 2 million.

    Once again, science goes from (sometimes spectacularly) wrong, to closer to truth, in a recursive way.
     
  2. bisco

    bisco cookie crumbler

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    what purposes do they serve. mine eat my rose leaves.
     
  3. tochatihu

    tochatihu Senior Member

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    Besides herbivory, beetles do lots of things. The ones you don't want to find in a bag of flour (Tribolium) eat that. and poop. They are otherwise famous for being the 'lab rats' used to demonstrate competitive exclusion. The idea that 2 species cannot live in the same place and do the same thing.

    There are many predators. One aquatic group is commonly called 'toe biters' and I assure you that they are.

    There are pollinators and sap suckers. There are decomposers. Naturally the ones that eat wood rank highly for me. Actually they mostly chew through wood, poop it out and inoculate it with fungi. Those digest the wood, followed by a second round of eating. These kinds have odd little pits in their body that turn out to be filled with the spores of those fungi. Carried thus to the new log.

    Suppose you have a dead bird (etc.) and wish to do taxidermy. You will have a colony of rove beetles required to remove the meat from your prize. Every last speck of it.

    If you had asked "what ecological role is not ever played by beetles?" that would have been the harder question.
     
  4. bisco

    bisco cookie crumbler

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    i was, but i didn't want to stump you in public.:cool:
     
  5. FL_Prius_Driver

    FL_Prius_Driver Senior Member

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    What is that graph? If I take it at face value, it shows beetles experienced a substantial decrease in body size since 1750. Numerous clues in the post indicate it probably means something different.
     
  6. tochatihu

    tochatihu Senior Member

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    FL, the first beetles described to species were large in size and abundant. Basically they were 'obvious'.

    Taxonomists handled such-like pretty early on. They moved on to remaining new species that were smaller (often more rare). One aspect of this study is that there are not large beetles that have avoided detection.

    In no way should any of this imply that 'beetles active on stage' have become smaller.

    It only suggests that remaining unnamed species tend towards smaller sizes, so bring your microscope.
     
  7. bwilson4web

    bwilson4web BMW i3 and Model 3

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    Ok, so where do ticks rank?

    Bob Wilson
     
  8. Trollbait

    Trollbait It's a D&D thing

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    As mite and spider relatives.
     
  9. ETC(SS)

    ETC(SS) The OTHER One Percenter.....

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    I don't have any problem with beetles.
    They're not trying to bite, sting, or eat me.

    Speaking of which:
    I wonder if this will scale down to water-bottle size....
    [​IMG]

    It doesn't seem to be very efficient, but I'm intrigued by the 'yeast as bait' feature.
    Since it's a CO emitter, I wonder if I have to license it?
     
  10. Trollbait

    Trollbait It's a D&D thing

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    Nope, the sugar the yeast are eating was made from CO2 by some plant.
    The syrup might attract bees and wasps.
    Use a little rotted meat, and it will work as a fly trap.
     
  11. tochatihu

    tochatihu Senior Member

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    Dung-rolling beetles have been icons since classical Egypt.

    My personal favorite are some 'jewel beetles that lay eggs in charred wood. Obviously such a resource could be in short supply if there have not been any recent forest fires 'within range'.

    But what is 'range'? A california oil refinery fire attracted great numbers of them, even though the nearest host forest was 200 km away. They since have been confirmed to detect infra red emissions from fire.
     
  12. Trollbait

    Trollbait It's a D&D thing

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    And then there are some beetles that won't cross the tire track left by a truck in the roads.
     
  13. austingreen

    austingreen Senior Member

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    The annoying ones to me are the june bugs. They always seem to turn up dead in the pool.

    Still beetles are beneficial. Its those mosquitoes that I hate. lots of bats nearby to cut down the population though. one man's pest is another mammals food
     
  14. tochatihu

    tochatihu Senior Member

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    June bugs and others similar who emerge in vast numbers are easy to dislike I guess. While they have a niche (or purpose one might say) it is hard to think of a direct benefit to humans.

    All the big 'uns seem to have their own species-specific parasites, and mites that ride around on them. Why? do not know. Guess it beats walking. So, they benefit some critters, somehow.

    Beneficial beetles? Lots I guess. Lady bird beetles eat aphids. dung beetles - well you know what they do - otherwise we'd be hip deep in the stuff. Imported into Australia for just that purpose.

    Nominations are open for other beneficial beetles.

    Back to top, there are certainly many beetle species remaining to be described, but maybe you'll need a microscope.

    Science Fair Project! Compare beetle diversity in Mom&Dad's yard, city park, and forest/whatever outside of town. Collection technology is pitfall traps.

    1. Dig hole for coffee can
    2. insert coffee can
    3. Funnel and plastic cup containing antifreeze
    4. Cover hole with board etc.
    5. Collect critters every week or so
    6. Morphospecies is the big word for 'all of these look the same to me'
    7. Bin 'em and pin 'em
    8. Learn how to calculate Shannon Diversity H' from wiki (easy)
    9, For the older student it might be better to learn the names of a few Families (not particularly difficult)
    10. Hypothetical: how would H' change if a bunch of June bugs fell in the trap?

    Swimming pool seems like a good beetle trap, but not quite sciency enough.

    I'm already on record here as a mosquito hater. I reckon the Earth could bumble along without them, and I don't say so for many other groups.
     
  15. tochatihu

    tochatihu Senior Member

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    Epigeous is the big word for 'crawls on the ground so it falls into my pitfall trap'

    Shannon Diversity of Epigeous Beetles in Three Habitats

    :D:D:D
     
  16. Trollbait

    Trollbait It's a D&D thing

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    The big bat colony near us was nearly wiped out by that European fungus. The wife spotted one bat a few nights ago, but we would spot several on a night in the past.
    They also brought the cane toad in to control sugar cane pests.:rolleyes:
    Tiger beetles are predatory insects that eat pests, and probably anything they can catch. They are quite pretty with bright metallic blue or green sheen, and vicious looking with their large mandibles. They are also long legged and active. They can't see movement, or more importantly, they can't see while moving. They do a quick sprint, then stop and look around, sprint, stop to see if they are closer to any prey, sprint, etc.
    [​IMG] [​IMG]

    Don't know if they are beneficial, but I've had fun playing with click beetles. Roll them on their back, and they snap their mid-body hinge with an audible click. This launches the half inch insect about 6 inches into the air.
     
  17. Corwyn

    Corwyn Energy Curmudgeon

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    Given the extreme interconnectedness of the ecosystem, it is hard for me to imagine any creature which isn't eventually beneficial.

    Is it possible to wipe out mosquitoes without killing ourselves as well? I don't know, and I suspect neither does anyone else. I do know that if we keep causing the extinction of species at our current rate (1 / day?) we must eventually kill off some species upon which our survival is completely dependent. We may have already done so.
     
  18. The Electric Me

    The Electric Me Go Speed Go!

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    That would concern me in any urban or populated environment that might be frequented by dogs, cat's or pets.

    It's hard to cover up anything with a board that a dog can't get to..and antifreeze can be lethal.

    Is there anything else that can be used?
     
  19. austingreen

    austingreen Senior Member

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    We can see from invasive species how this is not the case. Evolution is not necessarily benevolent, but there is a strong desire on some parts to make it look like it is. The effects of "bad species" for an environment can best be seen in the cases of ship transport of these to Hawaii and Australia.

    While we can all see how the dung beetle benefits society, and how the native grasslands of the planes and buffalo formed a ecosystem, it is hard to believe the great swarms of rock mountain locusts benefited anyone but themselves. Although we can not be 100% sure we accidentally wiped them out, I can not think of it as a bad thing. Certainly from evolutions point of survival of the species, rapid reproduction and mass migration blackening the skies helped them survive sever droughts, but they didn't exactly do much for the rest of the species. Evolution is often selfish as we can see in man.

    We may have the technology. I'm not sure if this will work.
    Up for Debate: Should We Eradicate All Mosquitoes from the World? | Cogito.org
    I doubt it will actually work, but it may reduce the population, and reduce the amount of pesticide sprayed, and misery felt from mosquito born disease. I say we need to do a very careful small test, before trying it world wide, but it seems so much better than round up ready soybeans.
     
  20. Corwyn

    Corwyn Energy Curmudgeon

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    I think it shows rather the opposite. Invasive species are a disruption to the natural ecosystem which worked well before their arrival. It is easy to postulate a similar disruption when *removing* a species. That there are species which harm an ecosystem when introduced into it shows that there is fragility there, that we mess with at our peril.

    Really? You don't think anything ever ate them. We should expect to find massive piles of non-rotting rock mountain locusts were that the case. It just really isn't that simple. People often look at a single effect and make conclusions about 'bad' or 'good', and that just isn't a way to evaluate long term environmental effects.

    If you want to make an exhaustive list of all the species upon which our survival depends, and then another list of all species upon which any of those on the first list depend, and keep doing that until no new species are added, only then would I consider killing a species not on any list. To do otherwise is to roll the dice on murdering every human alive.