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Rebuilding HV battery. Limited success with used modules.

Discussion in 'Gen 2 Prius Technical Discussion' started by epoch_time, Sep 21, 2017.

  1. epoch_time

    epoch_time Active Member

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    The successfull rebuild and balancing of prius hv pack can only be accomplished by measuring/matching battery internal cell resistances.

    Internal cell resistance is the scientific term for battery capacity.

    A New prius cell has a resistance of .000013 ohms (13 milliohms)
    My GenII prius cells have been holding between 24-28 mill-ohms since 60k miles to the present 90k miles. I use torque app extended pid's to monitor internal cell resistances as well as manually operate the hv battery cooling fan at speed 5 throught summer months. I do not have tinted windows here in las vegas so my batteries would run is excess of 140 degrees without manual fan control.

    The temperature of the cell also effects internal resistance. At approximately 100 degrees farenheight the prius cells will increase internal resistance but decrease again when cells cool down.

    When rebuilding/matching used cells any replacement cell installed will have to be equal or slight less internal resistance than the other cells.

    Simply matching used cell voltages to balance a pack will not be sufficient.
    .
    These prius cells rated at 6.5 amp/hour take regen surges of 97 amps for short durations of 10 seconds or more. and loads of up to 115 amps with heavy accelleration under cold battery conditions.

    Imagine you purchase a used prius cell off ebay. It has a larger internal resistance than your other cells in your pack. You install it. Under load that cell with higher internal resistance will be dropping more voltage across it terminals than the other cells. Because of the higher voltage drop this cell will increase its temperature above all the others At this time its internal cell resistance will also increase creating an even larger voltage drop across its terminals and higher temperatures. This will imbalance will constantly increase its internal resistance/temperature till that cell explodes or catches fire or both (guaranted).

    Also imagine a prius running in hot summer locations with 10k miles on the odometer.
    Now imagine a prius running in canada cool temperatures with 10k miles on odometer.
    These battery's when new both had a 6.5 amp/hour capacity at there begining of life.
    But the 6.5 amp hour battery from hot summer environment will have less capacity than the canadian battery and consequently a higher internal resistance.

    Take two prius'es with the same mileage and operated in the same city they will have different cell resistances/capacites due to different driving habbits..

    Wikipedia electric cars and their batteries.
    stated the cost of a 1.1 kw nickel metal hydroid battery in the year 2001 was about 4k dollars.
    Every year the cost of battery fell by 200-400 dollars. by 2013 wikipedia clamed a 1.1 kw battery cost was 300-400 bucks. NOW I'm not saying the cost of a prius hybrid pack with electronics relays control circuitry is that cheap but the complete cost of new modules should by now be that much or less.

    Used prius batteries without stated internal resistance aren't worth the shipping fee alone..
    Stop buying that crap and acceping rebuilt battery packs..

    We need possibly a group purchase from panasonic battery company who manufactures the prius batteries
    to maintain our older priuses.
     
  2. TMR-JWAP

    TMR-JWAP Senior Member

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    So, are you saying you want to arrange a group purchase so you can get a few new modules to install with your old ones, or you want to arrange purchasing a 1000 modules so a bunch of guys can get 28 each? And what price do you expect this to happen at? Think it would be competitive with just buying a pack out of a wrecked 2014/2016/2016?

    And in my neck of the woods, I've never seen techstream show less than 19 milli-ohms (0.019 ohms) on ANY block of any age...what production date modules have you seen 13 milli-ohms?

    Oops, my bad, as you're talking individual modules and I'm talking blocks

    If you actually have 24 milli-ohms on individual modules, then your pack has significant problems.
     
  3. epoch_time

    epoch_time Active Member

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    Our 2010 prius when 6 months old showed 13 milliohm battery modules.

    I belive a group by could get prius battery modules as low as 10 bucks each!
    I consider my prius (2009) modules at 24-28 milliohms to be in very good condition. I expect an additional 90k miles out of my modules.

    I'm saying at any given time my modules all read 24 milliohms and other times with higher temperatures the modules all show 28 milliohms. all equal at any given time
     
  4. TMR-JWAP

    TMR-JWAP Senior Member

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    If you can arrange to get brand new toyota/panasonic/oem (not chinese knockoffs) for $10 each, I will buy a few thousand myself, right now.
     
  5. 2k1Toaster

    2k1Toaster Brand New Prius Batteries

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    You won't get them at $10/ea. Not going to happen at such a low volume of 1k units. $30/ea would be a good 1k volume price.

    And that is exactly why I have done what I have done. You can't buy the new Panasonics anyways, they won't sell them to you because you aren't an OEM. I can actually buy them since a company I am part of is a rated supplier for Toyota which gives us access to their supply chain for various testing. And no, that can't be absued.

    My solution is to make an alternative new battery for the reasons you mention. It doesn't make any sense to just keep putting 10+ years old modules in a 10+ year old pack. Makes even less sense to spend $800 on eBay for a bunch of "reconditioned" cells that are also super old or double that for the same thing from Autozone...
     
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  6. Dxta

    Dxta Senior Member

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    Have never seen 24milliohms too
     
  7. epoch_time

    epoch_time Active Member

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    It sounds like the techstream is doing some additional computations like factoring in battery temperatures in its calculation of internal battery resistance?

    I see on both my 2009 & 2010 a varaition of 5 milliohm over a normal battery operating temperature range of 90-105 degrees F (battery temperatures). A Normal battery temperature range for las vegas summers. (with cooling fan on manual forced speed 5)
    I'm using torque app on android.
    What are typical milli ohm varations you see between different prius'es. Do you see any varation at all?
     
    #7 epoch_time, Sep 21, 2017
    Last edited: Sep 21, 2017
  8. epoch_time

    epoch_time Active Member

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    One thing to note;
    To set up 14 torque app guages for monitoring internal resistances of all modules or even just one module. You will have to set up your selected guage type to show additional decimal digits of accuracy to show milliohms. I believe the standard torque app gauge only shows ohms.
    Just touch and hold torque app guage to bring up additional guage configuration menu. Then select Display configuration then select Number of decimal places option then uncheck display default checkBox and enter number of decimal digits . Enter 3 will display the highest resolution available. I suggest the digital numeric guage type.
     
  9. bisco

    bisco cookie crumbler

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    what if we bought 10,000?
     
  10. 2k1Toaster

    2k1Toaster Brand New Prius Batteries

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    If you could buy 10k units from Primearth, you would still be very far away from $10/unit.
     
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  11. bisco

    bisco cookie crumbler

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    100,000?
     
  12. fotomoto

    fotomoto Senior Member

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    Not to be harsh but that's just a pipe dream for many reasons; some have already stated. Add in the fact, this eventually involves potentially deadly voltages and a company would be foolish to sell to the general public.

    Besides, they already sell them completely and safely packaged with a warranty through any Toyota dealer. Why would they want to undercut themselves to save you a buck while also screwing (one of) their best customers?

    Your efforts would be better served in trying to get Toyota to lower their pricing.
     
  13. goku2

    goku2 Junior Member

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    Your primary goal should be figuring out how to keep the batteries from exceeding around 100F while inside the car. Your best bet is to get a high heat rejection tint. They make clear tint and dark tint. The best tint on the market is the Prestige Spectra Photosync which can block 58% of solar energy with 75% VLT (mostly clear) and 71% of solar energy with 35% VLT (pretty dark) . I suggest putting dark tint in the rear and light in the front so the pack doesn't heat up while driving.

    When the batteries are brand new, they can handle the high heat but it's obviously very bad for them. These older batteries on the other hand can't handle the heat because the delta in resistance between the cells grows not only as the pack warms up but as the pack ages. As the internal resistance goes up due to faster aging from being hot, the cells warm up faster and the pack quickly gets out of balance. I experienced this issue first hand a few weeks ago where I have a professionally rebuilt pack (I was told by last owner anyway) but because I left my car parked in the sun all day and decided to drive the car on a 102F day, red triangle and cel for a weak cell block 9 showed up. Using techstream, I figured out that when the pack was starting to overheat, the car didn't want to charge the pack, and since I ran the A/C in an attempt to cool the car, it was draining the pack more than was being replenished by the engine. Pack reached upwards of 164f and I don't know what the temperature threshold was before the car started becoming undrivable that day (very weak acceleration, driving with 1 pink bar). That evening when things cooled down, after about a mile and some computer recalibrations, I was able to drive the car home without resetting anything, leaving the triangle light on. The next morning or so, when I started up the vehicle, the CEL and the triangle light went away on its own.

    Today was another very hot day (102F) and because I had to drive a very long distance (100 miles), I was deeply concerned I'd have a repeat of that other day. I took several precautions like using the cargo cover, then putting a reflective windshield cover over the cargo cover to reject heat from entering the trunk. I also parked in the shade as much as I could, put the A/C on floor and max fan speed 65F, started my journey at 9am when it was 70F outside. As I was coming back, it was already 80F+ and 102F for about 20+ minutes of the journey. Recorded the pack temperatures and voltages both on the way there and back and the none of the temperature sensors exceeded 105F. Car's fuel economy was perfectly inline with what I expected on this trip and car drove normally. Having a temperature balanced pack is really important and not allowing external heat to influence the pack temperature I can see is really important.
     
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