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DIY 12v lithium battery for Prius - step by step with pictures

Discussion in 'Gen 3 Prius Accessories and Modifications' started by jacktheripper, Nov 29, 2020.

  1. jacktheripper

    jacktheripper Active Member

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    Quite a few people have been asking me about my 12V Lithium battery setup. Here is a quick write up to help out all you fine folks!

    *Disclaimer*: This Lithium Battery DIY is to be taken at your own responsibility and discretion. If you do not have basic knowledge in battery/electric components, please do not attempt this DIY. This is a DIY and I hold No Responsibility if you make any mistakes. Anytime you deal with electricity , there may be inherent danger associated. Please do not blame me and or come after me as I have fully disclosed here I am not to be held for any responsibility. This is a DIY at your own experience and risk!

    1. The $2.99 Harbor Freight Ammo Box fits perfectly on Gen2 and Gen3, and should be the same for Gen1 and Gen4.
    upload_2020-11-29_0-56-59.png

    2. Acquire LiFePO4 batteries and nickel strips. You need at least 15Ah of power but bigger the better. (depend on your budget and how much power you can fit into that ammo box)
    I source mine from batteryhookup.com but you can pretty much find batteries anywhere online nowadays (amazon, eBay...)
    upload_2020-11-29_1-10-42.png


    3. Spot weld or solder the batteries into 4S format. (4 in series)
    If you choose to solder, make sure you use a good quality high power solder gun (at least 80 watts) that can melt the tin wire onto the battery surface within 3 seconds. You don't want to overheat and damage the battery. Prolonged solder iron to battery cell contact may damage the cell due to over heating.

    I use my K-Weld spot welder for this project. It is a dream setup but you need to prepare for a good power source. I use my previously home-made 12v battery as the source (chicken and egg problem here).
    kWeld – Next level battery spot welder – keenlab
    upload_2020-11-29_1-42-50.png
    upload_2020-11-29_1-7-27.png

    3. Drill holes for the cable as well as for ventilation.
    upload_2020-11-29_0-57-39.png

    3. Dry fit
    upload_2020-11-29_0-58-9.png

    4. BMS (Battery management system) is a must! You want to protect your Lithium battery as well as balance the cells at all time. I got mine from AliExpress.com and have been using this board for many years without any issues. It may not look all that fancy but it gets the job done. You can also install an optional temperature sensor if you live in a harsh environment. I live in SoCal and never have encountered any 12v battery overheat problem. FYI.

    https://s.click.aliexpress.com/e/_9fVFS2
    upload_2020-11-29_0-58-37.png

    5. Take your time to weld/solder the BMS to the battery cells. Carefully run the balance cable and make sure you don't 'short out' anything. Remember you are working with Live Battery Cells. I solder 8 AWG cable to the positive and negative terminal. Reserve 1 FT of cable for both positive and negative sides. Also, Very important - don't let your neighbor see you building this!
    upload_2020-11-29_0-59-5.png

    6. Cushion the battery assembly with non-flammable foam. Make sure you don't block the heat sink.
    upload_2020-11-29_0-59-50.png

    7. Find copper plate and drill holes to make the terminal connectors. I made mine out of copper water pipe for free. You can also purchase terminals for 8AWG cable at any hardware store.
    upload_2020-11-29_1-29-32.png

    7. Close the lid and tuck the extra cable in. Be careful and check to see you are not pinching any wires when closing the lid. Next, solder the connectors on.
    upload_2020-11-29_1-0-20.png

    8. Take out the old lead-acid battery and feel the weight difference!!!
    upload_2020-11-29_1-3-42.png

    9. Tuck-in the lithium battery and connect the cables, start the car and pat yourself on the shoulder! Call your wife outside and tell her how much money you saved today!!!
    upload_2020-11-29_1-4-10.png

    10. Monitor the battery voltage for couple of days and don't hesitate to take the battery apart if you see/feel something you don't like or out of the ordinary. Feel free to reach out to me if you may have any questions!

    Jack
     
    #1 jacktheripper, Nov 29, 2020
    Last edited: Nov 29, 2020
  2. Prodigyplace

    Prodigyplace Senior Member

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    Good writeup. I am not sure about Gen 1 but the Gen 4 battery is now located under the hood. The same idea could work with a different box size if needed.

    I am interested in comments from our battery expert @2k1Toaster .
     
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  3. Kenny94945

    Kenny94945 Active Member

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    Great post.
    Thank you.
     
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  4. ASRDogman

    ASRDogman Senior Member

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  5. sam spade 2

    sam spade 2 Senior Member

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    Indeed.
    Except for the "hobby" value.
     
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  6. ASRDogman

    ASRDogman Senior Member

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    Too risky for me. :) So much easier, less time consuming just to put the correct battery in.
    But, in America, you can spend your time and money on whatever you want too! :)
     
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  7. PriusCamper

    PriusCamper Senior Member

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    Curious to know if anyone has measured how hot temps get for 12v battery in engine compartment for Gen3 ?
     
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  8. bisco

    bisco cookie crumbler

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    jack, you are the man!(y)
     
  9. AzusaPrius

    AzusaPrius Senior Member

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  10. PriusPilotSurfer

    PriusPilotSurfer New Member

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    I literally was googling a replacement battery for my 2011 Prius and this thread came up! I am very thankful for Jack's informative thread and for sharing his 12v Lithium battery DIY! Why? Take a look at the price of a 12v battery from your local auto parts store. I found stock replacement batteries by Interstate etc at a price of $200.00 starting! This Lithium DIY is not only going to cost less, the longevity and performance is far better than that of an AGM, Wet or Gel cell. I am going to build one of these for sure! Jack is right in that if you are not confident in what you are doing, don't try this!

    Thanks Jack for sharing and look forward to all your great posts and sharing your knowledge!
    Also, GREAT Dr. Prius APP! Love it and works great! Saved me a ton of $$$ without having to go to the auto mechanic!
     
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  11. vvillovv

    vvillovv Senior Member

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    Nice ! I've dabbled a bit making my own 12v from stainless steel shell D cell NIMH for my motorcycle. But I soldered and all the vibration broke one ot two joints fairly quickly. I've seen a bunch of youtubes of home made spot welders, even simpler than the one you use. All the instructions sound good except I missed the heat sink info, I'll reread again.

    One question I was thinking about as I read was the low temp charge/discharge temp spec. I know I should follow the link and check it out myself, but I thought I'd ask here anyways in case you already know offhand.
    edit found the specs
    Charge Low Temperature Protection: -7℃

    Charge High Temperature Protection: 55℃

    Discharge Low Temperature Protection: 75℃

    Module Size:62mm x 62mm x 8mm


    Thanks Jack really nice DIY post.

    edit: Oh, the heat sink. I thought there was an extra one besides the one on the BMS.

    Have you seen the method tesla uses to fuse the bus between cells? At least the one they were using last year... anyways. It's a thin spot in the bus plate for every cell in the pack that acts as a fuse if any single cell has internal issues.
     
    #11 vvillovv, Nov 29, 2020
    Last edited: Nov 29, 2020
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  12. VEZzie

    VEZzie Junior Member

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    To make Ohmmu folks lower their Toyota-battery price a bit :D
    ( seriously Ohmmu, keep that steep pricetags for the Tesla model; Prius version need to be more 'efficient', or it will *motivate* us to DIY lol )

    Joking aside, I think the advantages of accomplishing this:
    1. Significantly reduce weight << main benefit for us because less weight = more mpg.
    2. More capacity (if we can fill the entire ammobox).
    3. Stable power drop (for those who connect the battery to inverter, which most of do).
    4. Serviceable cells (compared to non-serviceable AGM).

    Thank you for sharing your experience Jack! (y)
     
    #12 VEZzie, Nov 29, 2020
    Last edited: Nov 29, 2020
  13. vvillovv

    vvillovv Senior Member

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  14. jacktheripper

    jacktheripper Active Member

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    Hi @vvillovv , I found it necessary to practice and make adjustment to the spot welder before welding the real battery, a solid weld cant be easily peel off with needle nose pillars.

    Tesla has eliminated the fuse design on their newest vehicle, the fuse is just too thin, fragile and not very good conductor, they switch to nickle plate now, fyi.

     
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  15. ASRDogman

    ASRDogman Senior Member

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    OH POO!! A few pounds is nothing.
    Plus, the "welds" seem weak, and if they come apart, and start bouncing back and forth,
    the risk of an electrical fire goes up.
    If you are really worried about weight, get rid of the spare tire, jack, and the plastic covering it.
    Get rid of the glove box, radio, antenna, sun visors, back seat........
     
  16. AzusaPrius

    AzusaPrius Senior Member

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    Some people miss the point completely but hey you can also talk, think or text less and it will be less wasteful.

    Posted via the PriusChat mobile app.
     
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  17. ASRDogman

    ASRDogman Senior Member

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    OH double POO!
     
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  18. VEZzie

    VEZzie Junior Member

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    I have a feeling they might have their own agenda. :D
    Like I said, as long as the price is right, people will choose to buy instead of DIY anyway (for convenience).

    Just because of some low-effort replies, to make the thread more informative, here's an even more detailed VIDEO how to make this on your own. Cleaner, tighter, and neatly packed:




    And here's the reward for your success:

    [​IMG]
    [​IMG]
     
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  19. Grit

    Grit Senior Member

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    So I removed the back seats & bench, spare tire panel + tonneau covers and everything, and I got poo poo'ed on saying it won't make a difference even though it being 74 lbs of lesser total weight. This new and cool drop in battery modification comes along and no one says nothing about this lighter battery that weights only a few lbs less won't even make a MPG increase dent.
     
  20. Grit

    Grit Senior Member

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    Great all around tutorial. I did a similar project to that which I wired (4) Lifepo4 3.2v cells in series with a BMS controller (4S), connected to a MPPT controller, powered by the prius built in solar roof panel, to run a subwoofer amp.
     
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