I have a 2010 Gen 3 Prius with 269,483 miles (as of posting). It started a few months ago. We changed the spark plugs last Saturday (an ordeal for another time) and it seems like it got worse. It's also had a recent oil change. We have noticed that the antifreeze is starting to run low after just a few days. We keep refilling it. We are at our wits end because we can't afford another car and we love this car. I tried to attach a video of the engine noise, but the file is too large.
The head gasket has failed..... That's why you are loosing coolant. That's why it knocks on cold starts. It has likely failed between #1 and #2 cylinders. If you fix it now, you might only need to have the head gasket, and hope the head is not warped. If you wait, and continue driving it like it is, you risk bending a rod, or having it go through the block. If you are able to replace it yourself, it will cost you a lot less money. Labor is a lot.
Good run. Replace head gasket and do the illegal commieformia oil catch can install or replace vehicle.
Clean the EGR system too. Lots of information in my signature, for head gasket, and signature. Last link is full engine section. On a phone turn it landscape to see signatures) this thread has all the @NutzAboutBolts videos linked: Nutz About Bolts Prius Maintenance Videos | PriusChat
Since new, recently acquired? That’s a LOT of miles for a gen 3. Head gaskets, on ones without regular EGR cleaning, usually fail around 150~200k miles.