Can I use 240V 30amp or higher amp cable to charge 2012 Toyota Prius Plug-in instead of 120V 12amp?

Yes, you are talking about "level two" charging, and the PIP can do that. You will need a level-two charging cable which you can find for as little at $200, and a 220V outlet installed to match the cable.

 

You can use Level Two charging, the Prius PHV is still limited to 12 Amps, so it halves the time of 120 volts charging.

 

SI

 

At home I have a 40 Amp/240 volt setup. It has its own line back to the breaker box. However the first gen will only pull 13 Amps while its charging, that doesn't change. I deliberately had the system oversized in preparation for whatever comes next. It is trivially easy to have the electrician add a 120 V outlet while he is installing your charger. Quite handy for various car related purposes, totally beats running an extension cord through the door.