1. Attachments are working again! Check out this thread for more details and to report any other bugs.

Rice as an example

Discussion in 'Environmental Discussion' started by tochatihu, Jul 17, 2013.

  1. tochatihu

    tochatihu Senior Member

    Joined:
    Apr 10, 2004
    9,008
    3,510
    0
    Location:
    Kunming Yunnan China
    Vehicle:
    2001 Prius
    Here's your link:

    How rice twice became a crop and twice became a weed -- and what it means for the future

    How one can discern what happened in the past and when is a fascinating use of modern DNA technology. I do not apologize at all for the complexity of this press release, it is about as simply as such things can be expressed.

    But they are so darned neat. We could look at other 'reassembled histories', for example the development of farming. Termites and ants did it each at least once, and beetles did it at least 5 times. Finally, Homo sapiens got the memo, about 5000 years ago.

    We point many of our discussions here towards contentious matters of climate and carbon. That's OK but there is all this other interesting stuff happening in biological sciences. Shame we don't cast the net more broadly. Doubly a shame that we occasionally impugn evil motives on science activity (of any stripe), when the people involved are really just trying to figure out interesting things with the best available tools.

    If any of you ever had boring science classes, I totally blame the instructors. This stuff is a hoot.
     
  2. austingreen

    austingreen Senior Member

    Joined:
    Nov 3, 2009
    13,534
    4,063
    0
    Location:
    Austin, TX, USA
    Vehicle:
    2018 Tesla Model 3
    Model:
    N/A
  3. tochatihu

    tochatihu Senior Member

    Joined:
    Apr 10, 2004
    9,008
    3,510
    0
    Location:
    Kunming Yunnan China
    Vehicle:
    2001 Prius
    We should make a clear distinction between using (1) DNA techniques to see 'who is ' an organism and to what others it is related and (2) splicing genes into plants or animals to 'improve' them in some way.

    The second, gene moving, is quite clever but it remains controversial. Transfection by virus. It even sounds dodgy.

    The Fukushima fruits may lead us to another Godzilla movie remake. Gojira, to his friends.
     
    austingreen likes this.
  4. austingreen

    austingreen Senior Member

    Joined:
    Nov 3, 2009
    13,534
    4,063
    0
    Location:
    Austin, TX, USA
    Vehicle:
    2018 Tesla Model 3
    Model:
    N/A
    I hear that now it only costs about $10,000 to sequence the genes in a simple organism like yeast, down from millions a few years ago. We should see many more sequencing discoveries, now that the technological costs have gone down.

    Although Mendal didn't formalize genetics until the 19th century, farmers used genetic manipulation (artificial selection) to breed animals and crops that they preferred. We call that genetic manipulation domestication as talked about in the article.

    Now the world seems upset about GMO, as if genetic manipulation was new. It is not. We just have gotten better at it. Whether it is "domestication" or "genetically modified organisms" the results may be good or bad. In the dust bowl, farmers ripped out the naturally selected plants and replaced them with genetically manipulated ones (domesticated crops), but these did not hold onto the soil and an environmental problem happened. Like this domesticated rice, some gmo crops if not made to not be fertile, may breed with wild types and other crop types and create better weeds.


    retroviruses have also been around a long time. They simply were almost always bad;) Now some folks are trying to control them, but we are uncertain how this story will turn out.

    Here is where man has created something entirely new and random. Evolution - descent with modification, had been controlled by natural mutations. Now in this scenario, the mutation were created through accidental radiation. This is a new world, with many scary possibilities.